excretion is related to the intensity of exposure. It has been estimated that after eight hours exposure to 500 /ig Sb/m3, the increase of urinary Sb concentration at the end of the shift amounts on average to 35 /ig/g creatinine. Antimony (Sb) and its compounds are mainly used for the production of alloys, flame retardants, and in
Use of trivalent chromium reduces waste disposal problems and costs. II. INSTRUCTIONS This guidance provides two methods of calculating emissions from a chromium plating process. The difference between the methods is whether the applicant chooses to calculate emission rates using the uncontrolled emission rate factors then apply specific
The subcommittee estimated an upholstery application rate (Sa) for pentavalent antimony of 2.5 mg/cm2 and a fractional rate of pentavalent antimony extraction (µa) by saliva of 0.001/d based on levels reported by Jenkins et al. (1998). Oral exposure was calculated using Equation 15 in Chapter 3.
consumption rate of 0.196 L/kgday for the first two years of life, 0.061 L/kgday for the next 14 years, and 0.045 L/kgday for the remaining 54 years, and the timeweighed between the fate of trivalent and pentavalent antimony in the human body. Given that
Trivalent antimony was shown to be an extremely potent inducer of heme oxygenase, the initial and ratelimiting enzyme in heme degradation, in both organs, whereas the pentavalent form was a weak inducer of this enzyme. The ability of antimony to induce heme oxygenase was dosedependent, independent of the salt used, and not a result of a
T1 Increased levels of thiols protect antimony unresponsive Leishmania donovani field isolates against reactive oxygen species generated by trivalent antimony. AU Mandal, G. AU Wyllie, S. AU Singh, N. AU Sundar, S. AU Fairlamb, A. H. AU Chatterjee, M. PY 2007/11. Y1 2007/11
Unlike inorganic arsenic, inorganic trivalent antimony (Sb) is not methylated in vivo. It is excreted in the bile after conjugation with glutathione and also in urine. A significant proportion of that excreted in bile undergoes an enterohepatic circulation. In workers exposed to pentavalent Sb, the urinary Sb excretion is related to the intensity of exposure. It has been estimated that after
LIST OF FIGURES Figure No. IIIl III2 III3 Vl VII1 VII2 VII3 Mathematical Model for the Distribution of Antimony in Humans Excretion of Trivalent and Pentavalent Antimony by Several Species Wholebody Radioactivity of Mice Following a Single Intraperitoneal Injection of '"SbCl, DoseResponse (Chromosomal Aberrations) of Single or Multiple,Doses of Potassium Antimony Tartrate or
Two distributionexcretion studies were carried out on rats which were allowed to inhale an aerosol of antimony124 trichloride. Two rabbits and one dog were administered intratracheally doses of the same compoumd. Results of the inhalation exposures show early loss from lumg with a somewhat
The patients showed a 74% average decrease in toxic heavy metals after treatment (Eliaz 2007). In a third trial, 7 children with blood lead levels >20 µg/dL received 15 g/day of MCP for 2 to 4 weeks. Blood lead levels dropped an average of 161%, and urinary lead excretion
reactivity and their rapid excretion in urine. Concentrations in seafood amount to 2.416.7 mg/kg in marine fish, 3.5 mg/kg in mussels (20) and more than 100 mg/kg in certain crustaceans (1). Wine made from grapes sprayed with arsenic pesticides may contain appreciable levels of arsenic (up to 0.5 mg/litre) in the trivalent inorganic form (10).
1 . The absorption, tissue distribution and excretion of antimony dextran glycoside (RL712) has been studied in normal rodents. 2 . Some organs in the body, especially liver and spleen, retain large amounts of antimony for considerable periods of time. Excretion of antimony in the urine was low and only about 1012% of the dose administered was excreted within the first 48 hours.
Industrial and pharmaceutical use of antimony compounds has been linked to altered cardiovascular function and pathology. Antimony compounds induce hypotension, bradycardia, and cardiac arrhythmias all of which can arise from aberrations in myocyte regulation of intracellular free calcium concentration ([Ca2+]). In order to investigate the effects of trivalent antimony on [Ca2+], we developed an i
untreated it has a mortality rate of 98%. The vector is a small insect, a sand fly that lives in human houses, and the reservoir differentiate between trivalent and pen tavalent antimony in cell samples. In addi mony excretion.
A study of the excretion of organic antimonials using a polarographic procedure. Biochem J 37 198209., Otto et al. 1947 Otto GF, Maren TH, Brown HW 1947. Blood levels and excretion rates of antimony in persons receiving trivalent and pentavalent antimonials. Am J Hyg 46 193211.
Sep 17, 2017· The dosage is always expressed on an arsenic or antimony equivalent basis. The data referring to the toxicity of these compounds are given in Table I. TABLE I.Minimum lethal dose and minimum effective dose of preparations expressed in cubic centimeters of a 1/100 antimony or arsenic equivalent solu t ion per kilo bodyweight. Preparation. M
A study of the excretion of organic antimonials using a polarographic procedure. Biochem J 37 198209., Otto et al. 1947 Otto GF, Maren TH, Brown HW 1947. Blood levels and excretion rates of antimony in persons receiving trivalent and pentavalent antimonials. Am J Hyg 46 193211.
The lowest relevant point of departure for trivalent antimony compounds was the LOEL of 418 mg Sb/kgbw/day from Sunagawa (1981) and this endpoint was not used in the risk characterization for trivalent antimony because the NOAEL of 49 mg Sb/kgbw/day reported in the above noted study (ECHA 2014a) was considered to be a more conservative
Excretion rates and routes differ depending on animal species, routes of administration and the valence of antimony. In general, trivalent antimony is excreted primarily in faeces, whereas pentavalent organic antimony is excreted primarily in urine.
The lowest relevant point of departure for trivalent antimony compounds was the LOEL of 418 mg Sb/kgbw/day from Sunagawa (1981) and this endpoint was not used in the risk characterization for trivalent antimony because the NOAEL of 49 mg Sb/kgbw/day reported in the above noted study (ECHA 2014a) was considered to be a more conservative
One hour after drug administration the following values were obtained C max, 1.1 μg/mL; T max, 1.3 hours; Ka, 1.87 hours; K el, 0.043 hours; AUC 024h, 12.26 μg/mL · h; AUC 0, 19.84 μg/mL · h; t ½β, 17.45 hours; V d, 6.6 L/kg; and urinary excretion rate, 2.8 μg/h; these were mean values for the entire study group. The single dose was well tolerated by all subjects.
24hr excretion of arsenic in urine, which could not be assigned to a high consumption of seafood, were detected for six study participants. This suggests that additional factors relevant in the exposure to arsenic are still unidentified. Key words arsenic, antimony, human biomonitoring, scalp hair, urine. Environ Health Perspect 1063339
Blood levels and excretion rates in 14 patients with asymptomatic W. bancrofti infection were studied by means of a colorimetric method for the 'estimation of antimony devised by MAREN Bull. Johns Hopkins Hosp. 1945, v. 77, 338; Indust. and Eng. Chem., in the press]. The treatments administered were (a) intramuscular injections of two tri valent antimonials, Anthiomaline and monosodium antimony...
Tissue distribution of residual antimony in rats treated with multiple doses of meglumine antimoniate. Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, 2014. Tatiana Saint'Pierre. Deise Coelho. Download PDF. Download Full PDF Package. This paper. A short summary of
the excretion rate ofresidual antimony, indirectly supported this concept. Hence it can be stated that cardiographic changes occur after all types oftherapeutic trivalent antimonial drugs and after widely varying amounts. Naturally, somepreparations produce a greater numberofchanges than
1. Am J Hyg. 1947 Sep;46(2)193211. Blood levels and excretion rates of antimony in persons receiving trivalent and pentavalent antimonials.
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Antimony potassium tartrate, also known as potassium antimonyl tartrate, potassium antimontarterate, or emetic tartar, has the formula K 2 Sb 2 (C 4 H 2 O 6) 2. The compound has long been known as a powerful emetic, and was used in the treatment of schistosomiasis
excretion rates ofantimony in a variety ofhosts in relation to different antimony compounds and differentdoseregimens. However,mostoftheprevious work on this subject was concerned with antimony the sameamount oftrivalent antimony. ' Supplied by HoffmannLa Roche, Basle, Switzerland.
Antimony can be trivalent or pentavalent in compounds. Both exist in antimony(IV) oxide, Sb2O4, and presumably in the deep violet haloantimonates (IV), such as Cs2(SbCl6). The pentavalent compounds, as well as most of the trivalent ones, are hydrolyzed by water to form antimony
Increased levels of thiols protect antimony unresponsive Leishmania donovani field isolates against reactive oxygen species generated by trivalent antimony Volume 134, Issue 12 G. MANDAL (a1) , S. WYLLIE (a2) , N. SINGH (a3) , S. SUNDAR (a4) , A. H. FAIRLAMB (a2) and M. CHATTERJEE (a1)
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